A Prophet's Brother: Samuel Pearce Snow

Lorenzo Snow (1814-1901) A cousin of my 3rd-great grandfather

     Way back in my family tree, several ancestors made very consequential and controversial  religious conversions that upset and split their families. One branch began what became famously known in its day as the Barber Conversion to the Catholic Church. Another branch became followers of a new church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Days Saints, popularly known as Mormons. Family members became part of the Mormon elite: Lorenzo Snow was the fifth president of the Church, regarded by members as a prophet. Eliza Roxcy Snow was the preeminent women’s leader of the Church in the nineteenth century. 

     This post centers on one member of the Snow family. Lorenzo and Eliza’s  stories are well-documented and heavily researched by professional scholars. What about their youngest sibling, Samuel Pearce Snow? He is mentioned only in passing in biographies of his famous siblings. Here is a sketch of his life. 

     A young man sat by the fire in little Samuel Snow’s pleasant Mantua, Ohio home, chatting with Samuel’s mother and sisters in the early months of 1831. Mother Rosetta and sister Leonora were quite taken with what the visitor, Joseph Smith Jr., had to say. Sister Eliza was more cautious, but as she listened, she studied Joseph and concluded that he had an honest face.

Samuel was just a young boy, not quite ten. He was the youngest of seven, born when his mother was 42 and his father 45. His was a secure childhood, with his father a prosperous farmer and respected county commissioner. An uncle and aunt lived on adjoining property, and other relatives lived nearby. Yet as a teenager, his and his family’s life would be upended by the message this visitor brought. 

     Joseph Smith shared a book called the Book of Mormon, and he had founded a church that would be called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Samuel’s mother Rosetta Pettibone Snow and sister Leonora joined right away. Samuel's father Oliver, joined the church in 1836, when Samuel was 15. They moved to Kirtland, Ohio where Joseph was building a community of believers.

    It must have been very exciting being there. There were some 2,000 members in town with new converts arriving all the time. They were led by a living prophet – a young and vigorous one, who dressed as they did, joked with his friends, and played with his children. Yet here he was – communicating directly with God, and sharing the revelations with them. An impressive, three-story temple was completed that year, and community life centered around it. 

     Samuel’s older brother Lorenzo had gone off to Oberlin College that year, but he too joined the Church and moved to Kirtland. Their life in the busy town was short-lived, however. In May 1837 a devastating economic downturn, the Panic of 1837, hit the country. Banks failed, including the Kirtland Safety Society, founded just a year before by Joseph. This was a crisis for many people who had sacrificed so much to start over in Kirtland, and to build the temple. They still owed on homes and land they had purchased to follow the church, and with the collapse of real estate prices, they were “underwater.” It created finger-pointing and dissension. For some, it was a crisis of faith. 

     The Snows were among those who followed Joseph Smith to Far West, Missouri, but there the Saints, as members of the Church were called, were forced to leave by mob action. Lorenzo left for a second mission for the Church. Eliza and and a now-single Leonora, with Leonora’s children, settled briefly in Quincy, Illinois, where Eliza taught school. In 1840, Oliver and Rosetta, with their two youngest, Samuel and Lucius, moved to Quincy. Then the family moved to LaHarpe, Illinois, where Eliza joined them.  

     There was another move, to Nauvoo, Illinois, on the banks of the Mississippi, where again the Church relocated and began to build another grand temple. Finally, in 1842, there was a painful split in the family. Oliver was tired of the years of turmoil and strife in the Church, and was said to be disturbed by the revelation of “plural marriage” – polygamy. His daughter Eliza was secretly “sealed” to Joseph Smith in June 1842. In 1843 Leonora would be sealed in marriage to Isaac Morley, who was already married to Lucy Gunn.

Oliver moved with wife and youngest children, Samuel and Lucius, to Walnut Grove Township in Knox County, Illinois, ending their involvement in the church. 

       Oliver died in 1845 when Samuel was 24. His mother died the following year. But according to his colorful obituary, Samuel hadn’t been quietly staying down on the farm. 

Adventures

     

     Obituaries can be wonderful sources of information. They can also exaggerate the truth. Others are just blatantly false. Samuel’s contained information that is easy to prove false. As a 13-year old farm boy, he did not loan Cyrus McCormick the money to develop his famous mechanical reaper. It also tells of things that do sound credible - that beginning at age 20, he poled a flatboat down the Mississippi in the trading and mercantile business, and that he dealt in land and cattle in Illinois and Minnesota. It also said he worked as a schoolteacher in his early twenties. This is very believable; his family was regarded as educated and cultured, and both Lorenzo and Eliza taught school. Many a young man did in winter when farm chores lessened.  

     On the 1850 census he was living on the family farm with brother Lucius, his new sister-in-law Eliza; much older sister Leonora (she was 20 years older) and Leonora’s daughter Lucy. The following year, he married Josephine Scott, a Mantua native whose parents had moved to Rock Island County, Illinois. Samuel and Josephine would have seven children, their first in 1853. 

 

Pioneering Minnesota

    

  Samuel’s parents were pioneers in Ohio and Illinois. He would be a pioneer in Minnesota Territory, living there from 1855 to at least 1863.  Samuel and Lucius lived on two homesteads of 160 acres each in Red Wing, a town on the banks of the Mississippi. On the 1860 census, his niece, Lucia Leavitt Whiting and her husband Almon Whiting, Sr. lived next-door to Samuel. Almon came from a similar background as Samuel: He was the exact same age, born in Portage County, Ohio, and his family were early converts to the LDS Church.

     Samuel began a habit that a family history researcher usually can only dream of. He enjoyed writing letters to the editor. The first I’ve found was in 1856 in the Moline, Illinois newspaper. He had recently moved to the Territory and said he was frequently asked by his old friends in Illinois about his new life there. Samuel wrote a classic promotional piece. No one ever was sick in Minnesota. There was plenty of water, and he’d been able to raise 80 bushels of corn per acre using ordinary methods. Frost really didn’t come any earlier than in Moline. Winters were sunny and steady, summers were delightful -- seldom hot. Minnesota was more able to endure drought. In short, it was a “healthy go-ahead country.” Samuel added his approval that the newspaper had endorsed Republican John Fremont in the 1856 presidential election. (James Buchanan won.) In an `857 letter, however, he talked about how the "hard times [could] vanish like smoke and all again be happy, smiling and prosperous if farmers would band together and share their knowledge of farming techniques in their new home.

      In Minnesota, Samuel was active in Republican politics. In 1859 he and a large group of men signed a letter that was published in the  Red Wing Sentinel protesting proceedings at a county convention. The men believed a candidate was denied an opportunity to “remove doubts compromising his position.” They also charged slander, trickery and deception. In 1860 he was chosen as a delegate to represent his county in a newly-formed state agricultural society.

      Also in 1860, I saw the first of many court cases Samuel was involved in. There were disputes over property and taxes. In the 1860 case, a couple defaulted on the mortgage of a farm Samuel sold to them.

      Everything wasn’t politics, work and strife. Samuel came from a family that valued education and enjoyed reading and writing. In 1861 he was one of the founders of the Red Wing Literary Society, and was elected secretary. The main purpose of the society was to establish a “Good public library” with donations of land, books, “etc.” The society would also host lectures, a lyceum and debates. The first debate was scheduled to take place in the chapel at Hamline University. Its topic was, “Resolved that Roman Catholicism has done more for civilization than all other churches combined.” (In a heavily Protestant area, it’s predictable how this debate probably played out.)

 

Civil War 

 

     His obituary claimed that when the war broke out, “he was in command of a company but was refused a commission on account of poor health largely induced by exposure and overwork on the river,” referencing his work in his 20s. Maybe.

      In August 1862 Red Wing organized a Volunteer Aid Fund. The goal was providing help to the families of those men who signed up to fight. Thousands of Ladies Aid Societies formed in both the North and South to provide help to the soldiers, such as supplying them with blankets and bandages. This one was different in purpose and its formation by men.

      Quite a few men and businesses pledged contributions, including Samuel. His pledge of $25 is equivalent to about $900 in 2022 money. (Some men gave as little as $5; the largest contributions were $100.)

      He registered, as required, for the Civil War draft in 1863. In 1864, he was back in Illinois, where his son Laurin was born.

 

Iowa

 

  In spite of the glowing perfection that was Minnesota in Samuel’s letter to the editor, he and Lucius became disenchanted and did not stay. Lucius moved to Blakesburg, Iowa, in 1866, and Samuel either accompanied him or followed.  His last child with Josephine was born there. They would not stay in Iowa for long, but Lucius and Eliza lived there for the rest of their lives.

      Later Samuel would be a prolific writer of farm advice. In 1867, his directions for making a simple and inexpensive corn sheller was picked up on the wire service and ran in newspapers around the country.

 

Train No. 12 and the Carr’s Rock Disaster 

 

     It was 2:30 in the afternoon of Tuesday, April 14, 1868 when the Erie Railroad’s “New York Express” train No. 12 left Buffalo with engineer Henry Green and conductor Jasper Judd. It was due in New York City at 7:00 a.m. It consisted of an engine, tender car, baggage car, postal car, two first-class passenger cars, one second-class, and three sleeping coaches, one from Cleveland, one from Dunkirk, N.Y. and one from Buffalo. Coaches were well-filled, with a number of railroad men on their way to attend a convention of freight agents. Samuel and his family were on board. 

     Around 3:00 a.m. Wednesday, Conductor Judd was in the postal car with postal service employees when he saw the bell rope that ran connected through all the cars become taut, then break. He told the postal workers, “I’ve lost my rear cars,” and immediately began to run through the train.

  The train had just passed Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania at the confluence of the Delaware and the Lackawaxen Rivers in the Pocono Mountains, 102 miles west of New York City. There was only a single track on a narrow ledge hugging the mountain at a steep curve, with a drop reported at between 75 and 100 feet into Carr’s Rock Creek. The valley was so deep there was a saying that one could only see the sun at noon.

  The track was of poor-quality iron, and an investigation later determined that a piece of track broke as the first cars rolled over it. This caused the last cars, the sleeping cars and a passenger car, to uncouple and plunge over the precipice.

   A sensational article in the New York Daily Herald describes what happened to Samuel and his family:

 

      A tipping, a topple, for an infinitesimal second over the edge of the ledge and then over, over, over, with overs enough for a paragraph, and made so rapidly…rolled the four [rail cars] together, striking the bottom land with a dull heavy crash. Out of sight -- ! and from creatures out of sight, up from the inky darkness came shrieks and intermittent groans.

  Over, over, over and over for the distance of one hundred feet, the four vehicles, freighted with 75 human beings, plunged and tumbled and jolted until, in the interval of about half a minute, they landed upon the low bottom of the river.

 

     Trains were powered by steam engines, and the cars were also heated by wood stoves. The lights were kerosene. When trains toppled over, their stoves and lamps typically flew open and the wooden rail cars burst into flames. “…the shrieking of the wounded, the moaning of the dying, the broken mass, the darkness, only relieved by the light of the burning cars contributed to a scene of horror…,” a newspaper article said.  In one sleeping car, there were 23 people. Two were saved, and the charred remains of six others were all that was left to be found.

  Samuel’s wife Josephine was dead. He was injured, with serious injuries to his head and chest. His obituary said he was “broken and crippled in a railroad accident,” and never free from pain a day in his life. Three of his children were seriously hurt, and “Addie Snow” – his daughter Ada – suffered minor injuries.

  Just as today after a calamity, the newspapers garbled some things. He was reported to be from Beaksburg, Iowa, for example (there is no such place) instead of Blakesburg (One paper got the name right).  In various papers, in the list of wounded, he was identified as S.P. Snow, T.P. Snow, L.P. Snow, A.P. Snow and David Snow.

  The dead and wounded were taken to Port Jervis, N.Y. “The ladies room at the Port Jervis station is a horrible scene,” one reporter wrote. “The dead are still lying there.” The injured were put up at hotels and private homes. Later they were taken to Jersey City and transported by steamboat to New York City, some carried on mattresses.

      In all, some 25 people were killed and about 70 injured. The Erie Railroad settled with victims. Samuel’s motherless children ranged in age from five month old Arthur to 14-year old Ernest. Josephine was only 39 when she was killed.

     Samuel returned to Portage County, Illinois to marry his second wife, Mary Wilmot in September 1869, after nearly a year and a half as a widow. She was 37 and it was a first marriage for her. Typical of other Portage County settlers, her father came from New Haven County, Connecticut and moved to Mantua in 1806. Like his first wife, he had probably known her since childhood. 

Kansas: From Promise to “God Forsaken”

 

     A restless Samuel, seeking a fresh start, moved his family to Neosho County, Kansas by 1870. The county is located in the southeastern corner of the state. They settled in the new town of Thayer. Here, Samuel seemed to come into his own as a community leader. He busied himself establishing a grape arbor and fruit farm, winning first place for “best and largest” variety of grapes in the Neosho County fair in 1872. The next spring he advertised 10,000 grape vines for sale at five cents a-piece.

     In July 1872 the little Thayer newspaper announced that construction began on a brick building for a bank, 25 feet wide and 60 feet deep, with a fire-proof safe. Samuel was elected to the board of the Neosho County Bank in 1873.

     That summer, he wrote an editorial on the importance of diversified farming. His letter reveals the grim circumstances many homesteaders faced.

     “The partial failure of our wheat crop, owing to the devastations of the chinch bugs, is truly a deplorable calamity to many of the farmers of Neosho and adjoining counties,” he said. “The wheat crop is their only dependence to pay debts heretofor contracted, and to buy many of the necessities of life in the immediate future….some will have only enough for seed and bread; some not even this much, and the future must look dark indeed.”

     His letter was written before the “Grasshopper Year” of 1874, and it was preceded by drought. A devastating plague of Rocky Mountain locusts – commonly referred to as grasshoppers – descended on the plains states from the Dakotas to Texas. They could ruin an entire crop in a day. In Kansas, they arrived in July. In August, Samuel put his farm up for sale “cheap.” It was a fruit farm, with 2,000 fruit trees of various types and 600 apple trees. It had a barn, cistern, two wells, two miles of hedge and 25 acres of timber. He also grew wheat.

     In October, his letter to the editor of the Osage Mission Journal made it clear why he was leaving. “Alas! Poor Kansas,” he began. “Last year we had the drought and our crops were poor. There was some suffering, and a great deal of grumbling. This year it is worse. There will be great suffering and some starvation.”

     Samuel detailed the harm to his farm. The drought ruined his potato crop, and chinch bugs wiped out his corn and some of his wheat. He regretted that he neglected to soap his apple trees, and “borers girdled them.” The grass crop was cut short, leaving an inadequate supply of hay for livestock. “The grasshoppers lit upon us in countless millions and devoured the few peaches that the east wind spared us, and I do not know what pest or torment or insect or bug, will put in an appearance next. I am going to leave God forsaken Kansas.”

     He fantasized about moving to a place where insects did not breed, rainfall was just right and crops never failed, a place where farm prices were good. He detailed his travels from Missouri to northern Illinois to Minnesota to southern Illinois to Kansas to southern Iowa and back to Kansas. He dealt with cinch bugs, potato rot and in Minnesota, “We could go on snow shoes half the year and shiver over the fire the other half. We could feed our stock ten or fifteen months each year and keep them well-sheltered the remainder.”

     Samuel was still well-regarded when he and his family left Kansas in early April 1875. “Neosho county loses one of her best and most intelligent citizens in Mr. Snow’s departure for the Pacific Coast,” the editor of the Osage Mission Journal wrote.

 

First Impressions

 

     A priceless account of their travels was published in the Santa Barbara Weekly Press 26 June 1875. Samuel reported seeing snow “before we got to Kansas City,” and nearly all the way west. The railcars were full, with everyone going to California. In Omaha, he said, the crowds were immense, with over 700 passengers boarding his train. He wondered what would become of them all, and how well-prepared they were for such a move. He enjoyed seeing Devil’s Peak (Devil’s Tower) but was unimpressed with the greasewood-and-sage plains. He approved of Sacramento, but San Francisco was a delight. “We climbed the mountain so as to overlook the city, the bay and the Golden Gate. The sea breeze was gentle and bland, the seagulls were screaming in the distance, the atmosphere was hazy and dreamy, and the whole scene was charming and soothing to the unquiet soul,” he wrote. They saw the sea lions and “porpoises” spouting as they traveled out of the Golden Gate the next morning. They arrived in Santa Barbara on April 10th, rented a small place, and immediately put in a garden. He was cautious and wanted to wait and see if this was really where he wanted to stay.

     Around the same time, he sent a letter back to a friend in Kansas who took it to the Osage Mission Journal, which published it. He reported that his sons were cutting off sagebrush and greasewood in preparation for planting a vineyard. He was building a house and his health was recovering. He wrote, “I pity the people there [Kansas], sincerely. I do not know but they had best make an exodus to California.” Samuel reported that two families, the DeTurks and the Balls, made the trip from Neosho County with them. When they arrived they toured “the old Catholic Mission” where a priest led them around, and attended the Congregational Church. He reported that he had been to many beautiful places, but none exceeded Santa Barbara. A bit more cautiously, he advised his Kansas friends not to sell their farms just yet, that the jury was still out on California agriculture.  He was 54 as he contemplated what to do.

Early Years in Santa Barbara 

     But Samuel did settle in as a fruit farmer in Santa Barbara, buying land on the Mesa, a beautiful and sparsely occupied spot. At last, it was his final stop. In 1880 he also raised an interesting crop of the ornamental plant pampas plumes, harvesting 1,400. In 1881 his farming and orchard-growing advice was published in the Pacific Rural Press, a farm magazine. He continued publishing articles in the Press for several years, and they were syndicated in newspapers across the country. He did not forget the folks back in Kansas, writing the editor of the Osage Mission Journal in Nov. 1882 that he wished he could send some of the “fruit, grapes, figs, etc. of which we now have a superabundance.” In 1883, he also sent California newspapers back to Kansas. Around that year, some of Samuel's midwestern family settled in Santa Barbara and Carpinteria. Harriet Peck Leavitt, the widow of his nephew Frank Leavitt, and three sisters moved from Iowa.

Death - An Accusation - And Remarriage

 

     Samuel and Mary had been married nearly 15 years when she died 14 April 1884, at age 52. An inquest was held the next day. The coroner and a jury of six men interviewed five witnesses, one of them a Mrs. P. Franklin. She lived on the Mesa – the same area of Santa Barbara that the Snows did. The coroner ruled that Mary died of natural causes. Mrs. P. Franklin, didn’t let that go. She was upset enough to turn to the newspaper. She said the coroner had not interviewed neighbors and that (in spite of what the newspaper said the day before about her being a witness) she was denied a request to testify at the inquest. She said Mary told her that Samuel had threatened to kill her, and Mary cried all the time.

     “I asked her why she was so distressed,” Mrs. Franklin said. “She replied that she was only distressed when her husband gave her medicine….I asked Mr. Snow a number of times what he was giving her and finally he replied, ‘Bread pills.’”

     Mrs. Franklin said she took a piece of steak over to Mary one day because she knew she “didn’t have proper food,” but Samuel refused to give it to her. More damning, the San Francisco Examiner reported that, “it was said” Samuel did not attend the funeral, instead working in his garden. The newspaper added that the “parties were well off,” and that an investigation would be conducted. After his son Melvin wrote a letter to the editor of the Santa Barbara paper disparaging Mrs. Franklin and defending his father, a group of seventeen citizens - neighbors and a nurse - sent a letter to the newspaper. Without mentioning Samuel by name, they backed Mrs. Franklin's stories, saying they had personally witnessed or heard of Mary's mistreatment in her final months. She had been denied food, medical treatment, the "quiet and privacy of the sick room" and the "numerous little attentions always required by the sick," they said. Nothing came from the charges, however.

     It must have seemed like a good time to move. In May Samuel advertised his six-room home and farm with ocean views for sale for $3,800. His ad said he has 12 acres of fruit-bearing trees, an acre and a half of blackberries producing $400 in income annually, an acre in grapes and 3,000 eucalyptus trees. In June, there was a continuance in settling Mary's estate. Two years later Samuel was selling 55 beehives.

     Samuel remarried in February 1888, almost four years after Mary’s death. He was 68. His bride, Ella Jane Knapp, was 24, younger than his three oldest children. They married Feb. 28 and their daughter, Breta Aurora Snow, known as Birdie, was born ten months later. Birdie’s half-siblings ranged from 35 years older than her to 21 years older. Her mother proudly entered her in a baby contest at the local fair. 

 

Later Years

 

    Samuel continued to experiment with what grew well on the Mesa, from fruit to pampas plumes to eucalyptus trees to peanuts. In 1891 he entered peanuts in the California Sixth District Fair in Los Angeles. In 1891 and 1892 he wrote travel pieces for a Ventura newspaper. The first trip was a camping trip by horse and wagon through Ventura County, going through endless bean fields and orchards to Santa Paula and Santa Barbara. For the second trip, to the same location, he and his family took advantage of half-price train tickets and visited his old Santa Barbara home. He continued his love of writing with a column about farm conditions in the area.

Around this time his son Orville became a Holiness minister, a movement that grew out of Methodism. Orville was described in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat as an "evangelist of repute" when he spoke at the Central Illinois Holiness Association of the Holiness Churches in Virginia, Illinois in 1895. Samuel joined the Methodist Church.

In 1900 there was a reunion of Snow and Leavitt relatives in Carpinteria. (Samuel's sister Leonora married a Leavitt.) The occasion was a last get-together before Samuel's great-nieces Frances Phinney and Lucia Upp, returned to Iowa after a visit. (Frances and Lucia were the daughters of Frank Leavitt and the granddaughters of Enoch Leavitt III and Samuel's sister Leonora Snow.) Also attending were Lucius A. Leavitt and Hattie Leavitt Cadwell, children of Frank Leavitt who moved to California years before. "A great feast was spread on a long table and all of the company of fifty-three persons enjoyed the dinner together," the Santa Barbara Daily News reported. Samuel's son Arthur captured the event in a photograph, the newspaper noted. It would be wonderful to see it.

In 1905 the Snows hosted a birthday party for Mrs. G. Peck, one of the relatives of Harriet Peck, the widow of Frank Leavitt. There were thirty guests who entertained each other in the ways so common in this era. There were songs around the piano, recitations, and short stories and poems read by Birdie and another young woman. There were also parlor games.

Death

     When he died, Samuel's obituary noted that he was Lorenzo Snow’s brother. It made a point of saying that the two never agreed on matters of religion, describing the followers of Joseph Smith as “deluded,” and the Latter-Day Saint Church a “blasphemous mockery.” He probably had not seen his famous brother Lorenzo since he was a young, although Lorenzo invited him to visit in Utah. 

Ella was only 47 when she was widowed, and never remarried. Birdie never married and the two lived together until Ella’s death sometime before 1950. Samuel obviously left them with some resources; at least from census records, neither ever worked. They moved to Redondo Beach where they lived near the waterfront in rental homes and residential hotels. Birdie was hit by a car in a crosswalk at Hermosa Beach and killed at the age of 80.

 

Sources:

     Bergera, Gary James. “Identifying the Earliest Mormon Polygamists 1841-44,” Dialogue, 2005. https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V38N03_13.pdf. 

     Bushman, Richard Lyman. Rough Stone Rolling, New York: Vintage Books, Random House, 2005. 

     Derr, Jill Mulvay and Karen Lynn Davidson. “A Wary Heart Becomes “Fixed Unalterably”: Eliza R. Snow’s Conversion To Mormonism,” Journal of Mormon History, Vol. 30 No. 2 (Fall 2004).

     Jorgeson, Danny L. “The Morley Settlement in Illinois 1839-1846: Tribe and Clan in a Nauvoo Mormon Community,” The John Whitmer Historical Society Journal, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Fall/Winter 2021), p.p. 149-170.

     Mott, Edward Harold. Between the Oceans and the Lakes – The Story of Erie, New York: Collins, 1899.

     Snow, Eliza Roxcy. Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo Snow, Salt Lake City: Deseret News Company, 1884. 

Newspapers:

     “Letter From Minnesota,” The Moline Workman (Moline, Illinois), 22 Oct 1856, p. 1.

Protesting: Red Wing Sentinel (Red Wing, Minnesota), 1 Oct 1859, p. 3.

     Elected: Red Wing Sentinel (Red Wing, Minnesota), 22 Oct 1859, p. 3.

     “Legal Notices,” Red Wing Sentinel (Red Wing, Minnesota), 4 Feb 1860, p. 4.

"Important to the Farmers of Minnesota -- Formation of a State Agricultural Society," The Weekly Pioneer and Democrat (Saint Paul), 16 March 1860, p. 9.

     “Literary Society,” Red Wing Sentinel (Red Wing, Minnesota), 9 Jan 1861, p. 3.   

     “Volunteer Aid Fund,” The Goodhue Volunteer (Red Wing, Minnesota), 20 Aug 1862, p. 2.        

Corn Sheller: Sunbury American (Sunbury, Pennsylvania), 16 Feb 1867, p. 1.

     “Another Railroad Slaughter – Frightful Accident on the Erie Railroad,” New York Daily Herald, 16 April 1868, p. 7.

     “The Erie Railroad Disaster,” Alton Telegraph (Alton, Illinois), 24 April 1868, p. 1.

     “Class L: Fruit,” Osage Mission Transcript (Osage Mission, Kansas), 11 Oct 1872, p. 3.

     Elected to Bank Board: Osage Mission Transcript (Osage Mission, Kansas), 11 July 1873, p. 3.

     Fighting Taxes: Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 16 July 1873, p. 3.   

  “Diversified Farming,” Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 16 July 1873, p. 2.

     “Best Fruit Farm For Sale Cheap,” Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 26 Aug 1874, p. 3.

     “Bleeding Kansas,” Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 7 Oct 1874, p. 2.

     Leaving Kansas: Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 7 April 1875, p. 3.

     “Intelligence Office,” Santa Barbara Weekly Press (Santa Barbara, California), 1 May 1875, p. 11.

     Letter From California: Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 16 June 1875, p. 2.

     Describes Trip To California: Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 26 June 1875, p. 1.

     “Publication Notice,” The Erie Record (Erie, Kansas), 20 Oct 1876, p. 4.

     Wins Court Case: Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 11 June 1879, p. 3.

     Raises Pampas Plumes: San Francisco Examiner, 17 Dec 1880, p. 1.

     “Tree Trimming,” The Eureka Herald and Greenwood County Republican (Eureka, Kansas), 10 Feb 1881, p. 3.

     California Crops: Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 8 Nov 1882, p. 3.  

Newspapers to Kansas: Osage Mission Journal (Osage Mission, Kansas), 19 Sept 1883, p. 3.

     Inquest: The Independent (Santa Barbara, California), 15 April 1884, p. 4.

     “Pacific Slope – A Remarkable Case – Suspicion of Foul Play,” San Francisco Examiner, 21 April 1884, p. 1.

"A Card," The Daily Press (Santa Barbara), 14 May 1884, p. 3.

     “A Smoker For Gopher Holes,” San Francisco Examiner, 2 May 1886, p. 2.

     “Bees, Bees,” The Independent (Santa Barbara, California), 3 Nov 1886, p. 4. 

     Exhibiting at County Fair: Santa Maria Times (Santa Maria, California), 8 Aug 1888, p. 2.

"Sespe To Santa Barbara. The Appearance of the Country To a Close Observer," Ventura Free Press (Ventura, California), 15 July 1892, p. 2.

"Family Reunion at Carpinteria," Daily News (Santa Barbara, California), 20 Oct 1900, p. 4.

"A Pleasant Birthday Party," The Weekly Press (Santa Barbara), 9 Feb 1905, p. 6.

     “Founder of M’Cormick Fortune Dies After Long Residence Here,” The Independent (Santa Barbara, California), 16 Dec 1909, p. 3.

Copyright Andrea Auclair © 2023